Alkaline Phosphatase
An enzyme linked with the liver, bile ducts, and bone. Raised results are interpreted with other liver and bone markers.
Calcium (Adjusted)
Calcium corrected for albumin level. It can give a more useful view of calcium status than total calcium alone.
Phosphate
A mineral important for bone, energy, and kidney function. It is interpreted with calcium, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone.
Vitamin D
A vitamin important for bone, muscle, and immune health. Low levels are common and interpreted with calcium and symptoms.
Glucose
A blood sugar marker. It can support diabetes and metabolic assessment, especially when interpreted with fasting status and HbA1c.
HbA1c
A marker of average blood sugar over roughly the previous 2 to 3 months. It is commonly used in diabetes assessment and monitoring.
Bilirubin
A breakdown product of red blood cells processed by the liver. It can support assessment of liver, bile duct, or blood-cell turnover issues.
Glucose
A blood sugar marker. It can support diabetes and metabolic assessment, especially when interpreted with fasting status and HbA1c.
Ketones
Urine ketones can appear when the body is breaking down fat for energy, including fasting, low carbohydrate intake, illness, or diabetes-related concerns.
Nitrite
A urine marker that can suggest certain bacterial urinary tract infections when interpreted with symptoms and other urine findings.
pH
Urine pH reflects acidity or alkalinity. It can vary with diet, hydration, infection, and kidney-related factors.
Protein
Urine protein can suggest kidney, urinary tract, or temporary illness-related changes and should be interpreted with context.
Red Blood Cells
Urine red blood cells can suggest bleeding in the urinary tract, kidney stones, infection, or other causes needing review.
Urobilinogen
A urine marker related to bilirubin processing. It can support liver or red-cell turnover assessment when interpreted with other results.
White Blood Cells
Urine white blood cells can suggest urinary tract inflammation or infection when interpreted with symptoms and other urine markers.